China has pledged RMB360 billion (approximately USD 50.7 billion) in financial support to Africa, in the next three years to improve the stage for modernization and cooperation between the two regions.

In a keynote address delivered by President Xi Jinping at the opening ceremony of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) Summit in Beijing on September 5, 2024, the Chinese leader outlined a shared vision for the future of China-Africa relations, highlighting the deep bond between the regions and their commitment to achieving modernization together.

Understanding leadership behaviours and outcomes requires a deep dive into the disparity between how leaders perceive themselves and how they are perceived by others.