These are among the findings in the 2025 Food Balance Sheet released by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) in September 2026.

The report found that plant-based foods supplied 98.14 percent of dietary energy available in the country, while animal-source foods contributed just 44 kilocalories per person per day.

Starchy roots remained the largest component of the plant-based food supply.

According to the report, sweet potatoes, cassava and Irish potatoes contributed 256.5 kilograms per person per year, accounting for 43 percent of available plant-based foods. Fruits supplied 99.8 kilograms, while cereals contributed 90.4 kilograms per person per year.

The report also shows a strong concentration of dietary energy in carbohydrates. Carbohydrates supplied 1,838.6 kilocalories per person per day, representing 77.8 percent of total dietary energy.

This was above the 45–65 percent acceptable range cited in the report. Fat, by comparison, accounted for 12 percent of dietary energy, below the recommended 22.6–35.4 percent range.

Protein availability increased by 1.2 percent to 59.8 grams per person per day in 2025. However, the report found that about 94.2 percent of the protein supply came from plant-based foods.

Cereals provided 19.8 grams and pulses 17.8 grams per person per day, while meat contributed 1 gram, milk 1 gram and fish and seafood 1.5 grams.

The picture varied across vitamins and minerals. The report found that supplies of vitamin A, folate and vitamin C were above the average recommended levels used in its analysis.

However, several other nutrients remained below those levels. Vitamin B12 was available at 0.2 micrograms per person per day, compared with 2 micrograms recommended, while vitamin D stood at 0.7 micrograms against 5.7 micrograms.

Rwanda’s food supply continued to draw on both domestic production and imports. The report put the country’s Self-Sufficiency Ratio at 79.7 percent in 2025, up slightly from 79.4 percent in 2024. At the same time, the Import Dependency Ratio stood at 56.1 percent, compared with 56 percent the previous year.

Food losses also edged down. The Food Loss Index fell from 85.92 in 2024 to 85.89 in 2025, while the Food Loss Percentage was estimated at about 4.3 percent. The report notes that the index has declined from its 2017 baseline of 100.

On undernourishment, the report recorded a further decline. The prevalence fell from 31.3 percent in 2024 to 29.9 percent in 2025, with the estimated number of undernourished people dropping from 4.3 million to 4.1 million. The 2025 rate was also below the 40.2 percent recorded in 2019.