Ingabire returned to Rwanda in 2010 from exile in the Netherlands, claiming her intention to run for president. However, upon arriving at the Kigali Genocide Memorial, she immediately inquired about the location of a "memorial for Hutus," a statement that blatantly trivialized the Genocide against the Tutsi.

Ingabire was actively involved in political movements led by former Rwandan government officials and military officers responsible for orchestrating the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi who had taken refuge to Zaire forests, now the Democratic Republic of Congo.

She led the Rwandan Democratic Rally (RDR) in 1998, which became the political mouthpiece for the remnants of defeated forces, including ex-soldiers and genocidaires. These individuals later joined armed groups such as ALIR, FDLR, and FLN.

After RDR dissolved, it was replaced by FDU-Inkingi, initially led by Charles Ndereyehe, a genocide suspect. When he moved to the Netherlands, Ingabire took over as the party leader.

During Ingabire’s 2010 trial, a witness identified as Lt Col Tharcisse Nditurende testified that she had collaborated with him, encouraging him to distance himself from FDLR to form an armed wing of FDU-Inkingi.

He also revealed that she had sent him money via Western Union, to travel for their meetings in Kinshasa in 2008 and later in Brazzaville to plan terrorist activities against Rwanda.

Ingabire has repeatedly defended these groups, claiming that "FDLR was formed by Rwandan refugees in the DRC after being expelled from Rwanda during the Genocide and that their armed struggle was a means to reclaim power."

On December 12, 2013, a court convicted Ingabire of conspiracy against the state, genocide trivialization, and spreading false information, sentencing her to 15 years in prison.

However, in 2018, she was granted a presidential pardon. Despite this, she later denied ever requesting clemency, even though official records confirmed she had done so.

Many expected her to have reformed upon her release, but her actions and rhetoric have remained unchanged.

Speaking at a consultative meeting organized by the Rwandan Parliament on March 5, 2025, regarding genocide ideology in the region, its consequences, and strategies to combat it, Dr. Bizimana emphasized that Ingabire, who was once part of FDLR, remains the same.

"When RDR dissolved, it was replaced by FDU-Inkingi, initially led by Ndereyehe before he moved to the Netherlands and was succeeded by Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza. Later, she left FDU-Inkingi to form her own party, Dalfa-Umurinzi. But in reality, there is no distinction between Ingabire of Dalfa and the Ingabire of FDLR and RDR," he stated.

Ingabire, who aligns with FDLR’s divisive ethnic ideology and genocide denial, was caught red handed on May 11, 2019, during a recruitment meeting for a terror group composed solely of members of one ethnic group.

The meeting, held in Rwanda’s Kirehe District under the pretext of a training session, was exposed by an attendee who reported that Ingabire instructed them to recruit others into her party but warned that she did not want any Tutsi members.

Her primary recruitment target was unemployed young Hutus. Informants revealed that she required detailed personal information for each new recruit.

In November 2019, she rebranded FDU-Inkingi as Dalfa-Umurinzi, but her activities remained unchanged.

On November 4, 2019, an armed attack in Kinigi killed 14 innocent civilians. The assault was carried out by a coalition of terrorist groups under the P5 umbrella, which included FDU-Inkingi. At the time, Ingabire was still its leader.

Despite branding herself as an opposition politician and a human rights advocate, Rwandan Government Spokesperson Yolande Makolo dismissed these claims in March 2024.

She explained that Victoire Ingabire is neither an opposition politician nor a democracy activist but an unrepentant criminal convicted of plotting to overthrow the government through violence and attempting to incite division in Rwanda.

Ingabire was granted a presidential pardon in 2018.

Rwanda's Minister of National Unity and Civic Engagement, Dr. Jean-Damascène Bizimana