In this article, we will delve into the implications of this five-year prescription period in divorce proceedings and analyze its significance in family law.

Understanding the grounds for divorce

Article 218 of Law No. 32/2016 enumerates several grounds upon which a spouse can seek divorce. These grounds include adultery, desertion, conviction for an offense severely tainting the honor, refusal to provide for household needs, excess or abuse, gender-based violence, de facto separation, and non-cohabitation. Each of these grounds reflects specific circumstances that can lead to the dissolution of a marriage.

The five-year prescription period

The noteworthy provision in Article 220 imposes a time limit on initiating divorce proceedings.

According to this article, an action for divorce expires after five years from the time of discovering the cause of divorce. This means that once a spouse becomes aware of a valid reason for seeking divorce, they have a five-year window to initiate legal proceedings. After this period, their right to seek divorce based on that particular cause becomes null and void.

Implications of the five-year prescription period

Protecting spouses from stale claims: The prescription period serves to protect individuals from facing divorce proceedings based on ancient grievances. It prevents spouses from bringing up long-forgotten issues that might have lost their relevance or credibility over time. This provision encourages timely resolution of marital disputes.

Encouraging communication and reconciliation: By imposing a time limit on divorce proceedings, the law encourages spouses to address their issues promptly and consider reconciliation. It sends a message that divorce should not be rushed into but should be considered carefully, allowing room for possible reconciliation.

Legal certainty and stability: The five-year prescription period offers legal certainty to both spouses. It ensures that once a significant issue is discovered, there is a defined timeframe within which divorce proceedings must be initiated. This clarity helps prevent prolonged uncertainty and litigation.

Adapting to changing circumstances: Circumstances within a marriage can change over time. The prescription period acknowledges that what may have been a valid reason for divorce at one point may no longer hold true after several years. It encourages spouses to reevaluate their situation and make informed decisions.

Rwanda’s Law No. 32/2016, which governs divorce proceedings, includes a five-year prescription period from the time of discovering the cause of divorce.

This provision has several implications, including protecting spouses from stale claims, encouraging communication and reconciliation, providing legal certainty, and allowing for adaptability to changing circumstances within a marriage.

While the law seeks to balance the interests of both spouses, it also underlines the importance of addressing marital issues in a timely and responsible manner. As with any legal provision, its effectiveness and fairness will depend on its application in practice and the unique circumstances of each case.

Divorce is a significant life event that often involves complex legal processes and emotional turmoil.