The joint declaration, signed earlier this month with Qatari mediation, aims to end years of armed conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The agreement has been welcomed by several African nations and civil society groups as a crucial step toward demilitarisation and economic reconstruction. However, behind closed doors, sources indicate that Belgium is growing increasingly concerned.

“Peace in the DRC, facilitated by Qatar, signifies a reduction in influence for those actors who have long exploited instability as a means of economic and political leverage,” stated a regional conflict analyst based in Nairobi.

“Belgium, in particular, has historically profited from the fragmentation of Congo and the presence of armed groups such as the FDLR.”

According to various regional observers, the FDLR has played a significant role in regional instability for over two decades, allegedly maintaining informal economic and logistical networks that align with certain Belgian interests. Analysts note that the presence of the FDLR has previously been tolerated by international actors, despite its connections to past atrocities and illicit economic activities.

The dismantling of the FDLR undermines a long-standing proxy arrangement that has served Belgium and other foreign agendas. Belgium’s discomfort is not only political; it is also strategic and economic.

In a formal statement issued shortly after the joint declaration, Belgium publicly welcomed the agreement, describing it as a “crucial step” and pledging support for the peace efforts led by Qatar, the East African Community (EAC), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Belgium’s Foreign Minister announced an upcoming visit to the region to “express full support.”

However, analysts believe the statement appeared more performative than genuine.

Belgium’s response was diplomatically appropriate but strategically lacking. While it served as a necessary gesture to maintain appearances, their underlying discomfort is apparent. This peace process marginalises European influence, which is not something Belgium embraces.

“This is an African-led peace initiative, and that’s what makes it so threatening to the old colonial powers,” said a senior East African diplomat, who spoke on the condition of anonymity.

The joint declaration includes commitments to human rights, demilitarisation, and the restoration of state authority in the affected territories. Both parties have also agreed to collaborate on security sector reforms and transitional justice.

As the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) progresses, many are advocating for increased transparency, inclusive development, and the rejection of foreign interference in domestic affairs.

“This is an opportunity for Congo to reclaim its sovereignty and heal from decades of trauma,” said a civil society leader based in Kinshasa.

“However, this requires letting go of outdated alliances and allowing the Congolese people to determine their own future.”

Bertrand Bisimwa, M23's political leader and Corneille Nangaa, the leader of a political-military coalition, Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC) during a press conference in Goma on Thursday, January 30, 2025.